What is an Underbite?
Do you have bottom teeth that stick out slightly further than your upper teeth? This dental condition, called an underbite, is when the lower jaw and teeth sit further forward than the upper teeth. Many individuals with underbites feel self-conscious with the appearance of their face and smile. Some cases of underbite are barely noticeable while others have more severe underbites that may cause pain, difficulty chewing and speaking, and additional oral health problems. If you have an underbite, it is important that you know the condition is more than just a cosmetic issue. Below is more information on what causes underbites and side effects of the condition.
What Causes Underbite?
There are several factors that can lead to the development of an underbite. Here are some of the most common underbite causes:
- Bad Childhood Habits: Children who have trouble with prolonged thumb sucking, pacifier use over the age of 3 years, pushing on teeth with their tongue, and long-term bottle feeding all are more likely to develop an underbite as their mouths develop.
- Genetics: Underbites are commonly inherited. If another member of your family has an underbite, genetics may explain why you have yours. Genetics will also determine an individual’s jaw and tooth size, which are other important factors in the appearance and alignment of the teeth.
- Injury: An injury to the face may cause permanent damage to the jawbone. Though jawbones can be repaired, the alignment may not be perfect after surgical repair. This misalignment may cause an underbite.
- Tumor: Less common, individuals with tumors in the jawbone or in the mouth may have a jaw that protrudes due to the tumor.
What Issues Does an Underbite Cause?
Underbites are associated with a number of problems that can range from mild to severe and affect both physical and mental health. Some of the possible health issues associated with an underbite include:
- Chronic jaw pain or Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ) is a common side effect of an underbite. TMJ can cause the jaw to feel ‘locked’ or ‘stuck’ and pain in the jaw. Side effects can include toothaches, headaches, and dizziness.
- Difficulty with daily function: Depending on the severity of the underbite, the condition can lead to issues with eating, chewing, and speaking.
- Increased risk of tooth decay: A misaligned bite can result in excessive wear of tooth enamel exposing the teeth to increased risk of tooth decay.
- Psychological impact: Besides the possible physical effects, individuals with underbites might suffer from low self-esteem and confidence.
How to Treat an Underbite
Fortunately, an underbite is easy to diagnose and there are dental treatments available. Treating an underbite is possible at any age and for any level of severity. Some common treatments include:
- Orthodontic treatments: Including upper jaw expanders to be worn at night to gradually cause the upper jaw to widen.
- Reverse-Pull Face Mask: Similar to headgear, this device pulls the upper or lower jaw back into the right position.
- Underbite Surgery: In some more severe cases surgery is recommended to reshape and shorten the lower jaw or lengthen the upper jaw.